In this Article, we are discussing different types of Battery Safety Performance Test that can be taken to avoid risk.
Introduction
Battery safety tests play an important role as they deliberately expose batteries to conditions that exceed the requirements of regular use. For this reason, battery safety tests are Conducted. The tests ensure that batteries fulfil legal, industry and manufacturer requirements.
Illustrate:
① 1 C rate: I f the battery capacity is 5 Ah, 1 C means the current is 5 A, and 2 C means the current is 10 A.
② C 5: refers to the 5 – hour rate, equivalent to 0 .2 C current for discharge
1. Overcharge Test
- Fully charge the battery with 1C current as required,
- Then continue to charge with 1C current constant current to 1 .5 times the battery termination voltage, or 1 C constant current charging for 60 min,
- Observe for 1h.
2. Over-Discharge Test
- Fully charge with 1C current as required,
- Then discharge with 1C current for 60 min,
- Observe for 1h.
3. Reverse Charging (Forced Discharge)
- UN 38. 3 standard forced discharge Reverse charging (forced discharge): connect the battery to a 12 V DC power supply in series, and discharge according to the specified current and time,
- GB 31241 standard forced discharge: charge with 1 C reverse current for 60 min.
4. Short Circuit Test
- Fully charge the battery with 1C current,
- Short- circuit the positive and negative electrodes of the battery with a wire with a resistance ≤ 5 m Ω,
- Observe for 1h.
5. Incineration Test
- The battery is placed on a wire mesh with 20 holes per inch (25. 4 mm), and the wire is 0. 017 inches thick. The wire mesh was placed at a distance of 1 – 1 / 2 (38. 1 mm) inches from the burner,
- Fuel and air are injected at a speed that provides a bright blue flame, so that the wire mesh burns bright red,
- A rough asbestos cloth panel is placed at a vertical distance of 3,
- feet (0 .91 m) from the centre of the steel mesh. The rough asbestos sheet is one yard square and consists of four layers rough asbestos material weighing 0. 4 – 0 .6 ounces per square yard,
- It should be required to encircle the experimental sample in the net, then ignite the burner and observe the battery until i t explodes or is destroyed.
6. Acupuncture Test
- Fully charge the battery with 1C current,
- Use Φ 5 mm~Φ 8 mm high temperature resistant steel needles to penetrate perpendicular to the battery direction at a speed of 25 ± 5 mm/s,
- Observe for 1h.
7. Drop Test
- Fully charge the battery with 1C current,
- The positive and negative terminals of the battery are dropped from a height of 1 .5 m to the concrete floor,
- Observe for 1h.
8. Extrusion Test
- Fully charge the battery with 1 C current,
- Use a semi- cylinder with a radius of 75 mm, the length is greater than the length of the battery, and the speed is 5 ± 1 mm/ s,
- Stop the test when the voltage reaches 0 V or the deformation reaches 30 % or the extrusion force reaches 200 KN,
- Observe for 1h.
9. Heating Test
- Fully charge the battery with 1C current,
- The battery discharge temperature box, the temperature box is heated to 130 °C ± 2 °C at a rate of 5 °C/ min, and keep it for 30 minutes,
- Observe for 1 h.
Conclusion:
The development of safety-relevant systems requires compliance with certain safety standards. More and more electronic systems are being used in safety-critical areas where errors can have catastrophic consequences. Therefore, a careful development is a must. To avoid hazards.
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