Lithium battery electrolytes are crucial components, enabling ion flow within the battery. However, their flammable nature, mostly due to carbonate solvents, necessitates careful handling and storage.
Electrolyte Function and Composition
The electrolyte acts as a bridge, carrying ions between the positive and negative electrodes. This allows lithium-ion batteries to achieve high voltage and energy density. It’s typically made from a precise mix of:
- High-purity organic solvents
- Lithium salts
- Essential additives
Safety Concerns and Protection Measures
The flammability and toxicity of electrolytes demand safety precautions. They can generate harmful hydrogen fluoride gas in humid environments and irritate the lungs upon inhalation. Therefore, new energy battery manufacturers prioritize safety measures:
- Dedicated Storage: Electrolytes are typically stored in separate, well-equipped warehouses outside production facilities.
- Electrolyte Barrels: These containers, commonly in 100L or 200KG sizes, are suitable for high-volume production. SS304 stainless steel with a 2mm thickness is used for cost and weight reasons.
Pressure Management and Monitoring
While electrolyte barrels can withstand some pressure, they are not pressure vessels. Here’s a breakdown of pressure considerations:
- Storage Pressure: Barrels are typically not filled entirely with electrolyte. Nitrogen or argon gas fills the remaining space, maintaining pressure between 0.02 and 0.06 MPa. This prevents moisture ingress and electrolyte degradation.
- Maximum Withdrawable Pressure: This is typically limited to 0.10MPa.
- Pressure Monitoring: While barrels have pressure gauges, relying solely on employee intuition can be dangerous.
Intelligent Pressure Gauges: A Safer Approach
These gauges offer an improved safety solution:
- Settable Alarm Values: Users can program an alarm to sound if pressure exceeds a safe limit.
- Reduced Reliance on Manual Monitoring: This minimizes human error and potential accidents.
The Rise of Automated Systems
As the industry grows, large-scale production facilities are adopting more sophisticated electrolyte handling systems:
- Large Storage Tanks: These replace traditional barrels to meet high-volume needs.
- Automated Systems: Integrated systems manage processes like liquid injection, replenishment, gas filling, and alarms, minimizing human intervention and enhancing safety.
Conclusion
Lithium battery electrolytes are essential for battery function, but their properties necessitate careful handling and storage. New energy companies are continuously developing safer and more efficient storage and handling solutions to ensure the safety of workers and the environment.